  | 1900 joins the SPD
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  | 1902-1913 city councillor in Berlin
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  | founder of the socialist youth movement of the SPD
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  | 1907 imprisonment due to anti-militaristic propaganda
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  | 1908-1916 for the SPD in the Prussian house of representatives
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  | 1912-1916 in the Reichstag
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  | 1915 co-founder of the illegal Group International; induction into armoured division service
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  | 1916 exclusion from the SPD faction; founder of the Spartacus League
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  | 9 Nov. 1918 proclamation of the “Socialist Republic” in Germany
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  | co-founder of the KPD
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  | murdered in Berlin along with Rosa Luxemburg after January Uprising |