  | enters the KPD in 1927
|
  | 1930-1935 member of the Saxony Landtag (Parliament)
|
  | 1933-1935 underground resistance against the National Socialists
|
  | 1935 exile in Moscow
|
  | 1941 on a Party mission in Sweden
|
  | 1942-1944 interned; break with the Communists
|
  | 1946 returns to Germany and joins the SPD
|
  | 1949-1983 member of the SPD in the Bundestag
|
  | 1958-1972 Deputy Chairman of the SPD
|
  | 1966-69 Minister for All-German Issues
|
  | 1969-83 Chairman of the SPD Bundestag fraction |